PDA-mediated Mild Photothermal Therapy Combined with Autophagy Inhibitors Kill Breast Cancer Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore whether inhibiting autophagy can enhance the sensitivity of photothermal treatment under mild photothermal conditions. Methods CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were prepared by an improved double emulsification method and a PDA-based surface modification method. After basic characterization, CCK-8 method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles; the near-infrared laser irradiation nanoparticle solution was used to detect the heating effect; CCK-8 method and live-dead cell staining were used to detect the killing effect of tumor cells; Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Results The CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs were successfully prepared, with a particle size of 253.10±2.39 nm, a zeta potential of -22.57±0.80 mV, uniform particle size and good dispersion. The temperature of nanoparticle solution increased to 45℃ after the near-infrared laser irradiation for 10 min. CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs had no obvious toxicity to cells. The survival rates of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell were above 95%. The inhibition of autophagy under mild photothermal conditions could improve the sensitivity of photothermal therapy. Conclusion The prepared CQ@PLGA@PDA NPs have good photothermal performance and high biological safety; by inhibiting autophagy, they can effectively kill tumor cells under mild photothermal conditions(< 50℃).

Establishment of Quantitative SPR Assay for Antibodies Against Human Platelet Antigen-1a / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish quantitative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay for antibodies against human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a).@*METHODS@#Recombinant protein was fixed on the chip surface by amino coupling method. SPR assay was used to detect the standard antibodies against HPA-1a at different conceatration. The optimal experimental parameters were determined, and standard curves were constructed with linear regression. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision of the assay were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The quantitative SPR assay for HPA-1a antibodies was established. The determination ranges were 0-20 IU, with accuracy (recovery rate) was 97.75%-103.08%. The intra-assay precision [coefficients of variation (CV)] was 3.53%-4.29%, and the inter-assay precision (CV) was 2.08%-4.40%. For specificity test, several kinds of monoclonal and human antibodies against platelet membrane protein were tested and no positive result was observed.@*CONCLUSION@#The established quantitative SPR assay for HPA-1a antibodies shows good sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision, and this rapid and simple method provides a new reference method for scientific research and clinical antibody detection.

miR-383-5p suppresses the proliferation and invasion of medulloblastoma by down-regulating MSH6 / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of miR-383-5p on the proliferation and invasion of medulloblastoma (MB) by targeting DNA mismatch repair MSH6 gene. Methods: A total of 15 pairs of tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues from MB patients, who were surgically treated and pathologically confirmed in the Department of Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from July 2014 to May 2017, were collected for this study. qPCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-383-5p in MB tissues and cell lines. The experimental cells were divided into control group (NC group), miR-383-3p overexpression group (miR-383-5p group), MSH6 knockdown group (si-MSH6 group) and miR-383-5p inhibitor+si-MSH6 group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of UW473 cells. Transwell assay was used to examine the invasion and migration of UW473 cells, the targeting relationship between miR-383-5p and MSH6 was verified by Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and Western blotting (WB) was performed to detect the protein expression of MSH6. Results: The expression level of miR-383-5p was significantly down-regulated in MB tissues and cell lines compared with para-cancer tissues (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). Overexpression of miR-383-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of UW473 cells (all P<0.05 or P<0.01), and down-regulated the expression level of MSH6 (all P<0.01). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-383-5p could targetedly bind to the 3'UTR of MSH6. Knockdown of MSH6 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of UW473 cells (all P<0.01). Further experiments showed that simultaneous knockdown of miR-383-5p and MSH6 could attenuate the inhibition of MSH6 silence on the proliferation, invasion and migration of UW473 cells. Conclusion: miR-383-5p expression is down-regulated in MB tissues and cell lines, and miR-383-5p suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of UW473 cells via targetedly down-regulating MSH6.

Correlation analysis of seminal plasma α-glucosidase,zinc and sperm morphologicalparameters in patients with idiopathic oligospermia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the correlation between seminal plasma α-glucosidase activity and zinc content with sperm morphology parameters in the patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia.Methods One hundred and fifty-two cases of idiopathic oligozoospermia were divided into five groups according to morphological analysis.The quality of semen and sperm morphology were analyzed by using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and Diff-Quik staining.The rate method,PAN method and automatic biochemical analyzer were used to detect the seminal plasma α-glucosidase activity and zinc content.Results The seminal plasma α-glucosidase activity had statistically significant difference between 4 groups of normal sperm morphology 3%-4%,2%-3%,1%-2% and 0%-1% with normal sperm morphology ≥4% (Z=-2.199,-2.685,-2.827,-3.358,P0.05);the seminal plasma zinc content had no statistical difference among various groups (P>0.05).The seminal plasma α-glucosidase activity had a extremely significant positive correlation with percentage of normal morphology sperms (P0.05);there was no significant correlation between the zinc content in seminal plasma with the sperm morphological parameters (P>0.05).Conclusion The seminal plasma α-glucosidase activity in idiopathic oligozoospermia patients with abnormal percentage of normal sperm mophology is significantly lower than that in the patients with normal sperm morphology;seminal plasma α glucosidase activity has significantly positive correlation with the percentage of normal mophology sperms,has a negative correlation with SDI,which may be conducive to in vitro fertilization.

Tetrandrine induces apoptosis and blocks autophagic flux of bladder cancer T24 cells / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human bladder cancer cell lines, and explore its mechamism. Methods: Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to analyze the effect of Tet on the proliferation of some bladder cancer cell lines and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Tet. After Tet treatment, the apoptosis rate of bladder cancer T24 cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the cleavage of apoptosis-related caspase-3 protein was detected by Western blotting. The activity of caspase was inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK, and then the viability of T24 cells treated by Tet was determined by CCK-8 assay. After the transfection of EGFP-LC3 into T24 cells, the cells were treated with Tet, and then the autophagosome formation was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy assay. The expressions of autophagy-associated proteins LC3 and P62 in T24 cells after Tet treatment were detected by Western blotting. The effect of Tet on autophagic flux of T24 cells was determined by LC3 turnover assay, while the proliferative activity of T24 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after treatment with 3-MA to inhibit autophagy. Results: Tet could obviously inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells (P 50 of Tet (48 h) for cell lines 5637, T24, EJ and J82 were 8.03±1.2, 6.71 ±0.99, 4.93±0.72 and 2.72±0.24 μmol/L, respectively. Tet significantly induced apoptosis of T24 cells by caspase-3 activation (P 0.05). Conclusion: Tet can inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells, induce the apoptosis, and block the autophagy.

Progress on chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer / 中国癌症杂志

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as a special molecular subtype of breast cancer, is non-responsive to endocrine therapy or commercially available targeted therapy. It is characterized by early recurrence, rapid progression and poor prognosis. This systemic and comprehensive overview was focused on recent progress on molecular subtyping of triple negative breast cancer and its possible clinical value, chemotherapeutic agents and chemotherapy regimens, and combination of chemotherapy with potential molecular targeting agents.

Etiology and clinical characteristics of 30 children with tumor-associated precocity / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of children with tumor-associated precocity.Methods Thirty children with tumor-associated precocity hospitalized in Department of Surgery of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Jan.2006 to Mar.2012 were selected as research subjects.The causes,clinical characteristics and treatment situation of the patients were retrospectively studied.Results The group of patients included 14 boys and 16 girls,with average age of (3.74 ± 2.44) years.Twenty-two patients (73.3％) were younger than 5 years old,and their etiological distributions listed as follows:8 cases were hypothalamic hamartoma(HH),2 cases were hypothalamic germinoma,1 case was arachnoid cyst,7 cases were adrenocortical tumor (in which 1 case was adenoma and 6 cases were adenocacinoma respectively),5 cases were ovarian cyst,2 cases were ovarian tumor (in which 1 case was endodermal sinus tumor and 1 case was sex cord-stromal tumor respectively),2 cases were MuCune-Albright syndrome,and 1 case was mediastinal teratoma,1 case was penis primitive neuroectoderm tumor,and 1 case was Leydig cell proliferation accompanied with neoplasma.Eleven patients(36.7％) suffered central precocious puberty,with HH (n =8) being the most common causes.Four patients with HH presented with gelastic epilepsy.Precocious puberty caused by HH patients could be safely controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists.Nineteen patients(63.3％) suffered peripheral precocious puberty,with adrenocortical tumor being the most common cause for the boys and ovarian cyst being the most common cause for the girls.Besides that,the onset symptom of a patient with adenocacinoma was facial acne accompanied with hypertrichiasis and another patient with ovarian tumor had intermittent abdominal pain,and the onset symptoms of all the boys were external genital development and those of the girls were mammary development or colporrhagia,respectively.Conclusions Tumors are one of the most causes of precocious puberty in children.During the process of diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty,imaging examinations on pituitary,gonad and adrenal gland should be paid great attention to and seldom occurred tumors should also be considered.For ovarian cyst patients with precocious puberty attention shall be paid attention to the differentiation from MuCune-Albright syndrome.

Relationships between fat mass and obesity associated gene and genetic onset mechanism of obesity in Chinese children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the association of fat mass and obesity associated gene(FTO gene) and genetic onset mechanism of obesity in Chinese children.Methods Two hundred and one Chinese children with obesity in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Jan.to Sep.2010,were selected as research subjects,183 healthy adult blood donors were selected as normal controls.Mass Spectrometry techniques were used to study the distributions of the alleles and gene type of FTO in patients and controls.And the relationship between FTO gene polymorphism and obesity in Chinese children were studied.Results The distributions of 5 FTO gene polymorphisms (rs9939609A,rs8050136A,rs3751812T,rs1421085C,rs7193144C) in obesity patients and healthy controls had significant differences.And the Haplotype analysis showed that all of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were in linkage disequilibrium,and three out of six (CTGGTCTGG,TCTGCAAAA,CTGGCCTGG) had significant differences between obesity patients and healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The gene polymorphisms of rs9939609,rs8050136,rs3751812,rs1421085,rs7193144 of FTO gene confer significant susceptibility to obesity in Chinese children.The haplotypes of CTGGTCTGG,TCTGCAAAA,CTGGCCTGG have significant differences between obesity patients and healthy controls.

Epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cumulative prevalence rate, distribution characteristics, epidemic seasons, predisposing factors and current treatment situation of childhood asthma in Hefei City, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the investigation, stratified cluster random sampling as well as centralized access and separate home visits were applied, and primary screening forms were filled out. Further confirmation was sought in the primary positive cases, according to the diagnostic criteria for asthma. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence rate, current treatment situation and predisposing factors for childhood asthma as well as the distribution characteristics of asthma in children of different ages and sexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma was 5.92%, and there was no significant difference between males and females (6.33% vs 5.42%; P>0.05). The cumulative prevalence rate was highest (8.25%) in children aged 3-6 years. Of the children with acute asthma attack, 42.0% suffered attacks during periods of seasonal transition, and 34.4% suffered attacks at midnight. Among the 552 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, 533 (96.6%) developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection and 312 (56.5%) due to weather change. Most asthmatic children (513/552, 92.9%) received treatment with antibiotics, and 492 asthmatic children (89.1%) were treated with systemic hormones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cumulative prevalence rate of childhood asthma is 5.92% in Hefei, and the peak age of onset is 3-6 years. Acute asthma attack occurs mostly during periods of seasonal transition and at midnight. Respiratory tract infection and weather change are the main predisposing factors for childhood asthma. Antibiotics and systemic hormones are still widely used in the treatment of asthma.</p>

Risk factors for asthma in children in Hefei, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors for asthma in children in Hefei, China and to provide a strategy for asthma control in this region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 400 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, as well as 400 children of comparable age, sex, living environment, and family background, who had no respiratory diseases, were selected for a case-control study. A survey questionnaire survey was completed for all children. The obtained data were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for asthma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The logistic regression analysis showed that a family history of allergy, allergic rhinitis, infantile eczema, no breastfeeding, air-conditioning and passive smoking were the risk factors for asthma in children, with odds ratios of 9.63, 7.56, 4.58, 2.16, 1.73, and 1.55 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In order to reduce the incidence of asthma, we should advocate breast feeding, promote outdoor activities, keep ventilation natural, prevent passive smoking and cure allergic rhinitis.</p>

Causes of chronic cough in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the causes of chronic cough in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical data of 132 children with chronic cough from August 2010 to September 2011.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Several conditions were found to contribute to chronic cough in children, including cough variant asthma (CVA, n=56), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS, n=44), infections/postinfectious cough (IC/PIC, n=22), allergic cough (AC, n=8), gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC, n=5), and others (n=3). There was significant difference in the distribution of IC/IPC among an infant group (<1 year), a group of young children (>1 year), a group of preschool aged children (>3 years) and a group of school-age children (6-14 years) (χ2=11.638, P=0.001), and the infant group showed a significantly higher prevalence of IC/PIC than the other three age groups (P<0.05). IC/PIC was the main cause of chronic cough in the infant group, while CVA and UACS were the main causes in each of the other groups. A relatively large proportion of AC, CVA and UACS cases had a personal history of allergy, a family history of allergy/asthma and a history of exposure to harmful environments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CVA, UACS, and IC/PIC are main causes of chronic cough in children, varying among different age groups. Children with a personal history of allergy, family history of allergy/asthma and a history of exposure to harmful environment are more vulnerable to AC, CVA and UACS.</p>

Mutation analysis of the GLUD1 gene in patients with glutamate dehydrogenase congenital hyperinsulinism / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) gene mutation of three patients diagnosed as glutamate dehydrogenase congenital hyperinsulinism (GDH-HI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three patients diagnosed as GDH-HI and their parents were involved in the study. PCR-DNA direct sequencing was used to analyze the exons 6,7,10,11 and 12 of the GLUD1 gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the first case, an R269H heterozygous mutation was found in the GLUD1 gene, with autosomal dominant inheritance. In the second case, there was a de novo S445L heterozygous mutation of the GLUD1 gene. No mutation was detected in the third case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Chinese, R269H, S445L heterozygous mutation of the GLUD1 gene can lead to GDH-HI. Genetic analysis is necessary in making genetic diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinsm.</p>

Blood glucose profile in children and adolescents in Beijing area / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>There are scant data about normal reference values of blood glucose (BG) in children. This study was conducted to learn the BG profile of children and adolescents in Beijing area.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The population for survey was selected as a stratified cluster sample from 8 urban and 10 rural areas in Beijing. Fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) was determined in 19,593 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in 4 urban and 3 rural areas using haemosaccharometer model II [Roche Diagnostic, (Shanghai) Ltd].</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 1 9112 (97.5%) individuals with complete records, the mean age was 12.1 +/- 3.3 years (ranged from 6 to 18.9 years); 9514 (49.8%) were boys, 9598 (50.2%) were girls, 9792 were (51.2%) from urban areas and 9320 (48.8%) from rural areas. The average level of FCBG in boys was higher than that in girls (4.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.5, u = 28.0, P < 0.01). Among urban children, the trend of variation of FCBG was similar between boys and girls, the levels of FCBG increased with age, the peak of FCBG was reached at 12-13 years in urban girls, and from the age of 15 years, the level of FCBG declined. In boys, the FCBG level increased slowly from 13 years of age, there was no significant variation until 17 years old, and declined at the age of 18. Among suburban children, the trend of variation of FCBG was similar between boys and girls, both of them had two peaks, from 6 to 11 years old, FCBG of both boys and girls increased with age, and both reached the first peak at the age of 11 years. While at 13 years of age, there was an obvious drop in FCBG level. From 14 years of age on, there was a rise of FCBG in both boys and girls, and the second peak of FCBG was reached at 15 and 16 years of age in girls and boys respectively. The FCBG level of urban children was higher than that of rural children (4.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.5, u = 13.8, P < 0.01). The level of FCBG in overweight and obese children was higher than that of normal children. More boys, more obese and more urban children had abnormal FCBG.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The blood glucose level of children was associated with age, gender, obesity and district.</p>

Investigation of efficiency of immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis and analysis of its correlative factors / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the efficiency of immunotherapy on allergic rhinitis and explore irs correla- tive factors.Methods 185 patients with AR were treated with immunotherapy in this department between 1993 and 2003.Specific allergens were selected through skin test.The patients were given subcutaneous injections with al- lergen extract produced by Xiehe Hospital.The doses were gradually increased to the maintenance dose.The clinical effectiveness evaluation based on the symptoms and signs before and after immunotherapy was judged as marked, moderated and poor response.The possihie factors which affected the efficacy of immunotherapy were selected.These factors included sex,age,illness duration,disease condition,chronic sinusitis,asthma,duration of immunotherapy and reaction condition of the skin test.The correlative factors with efficacy were sifted with multifactorial stepwise re- gression analysis.Results The marked,moderated and poor responses were 22.9 %,51.7 %,and 25.4 % respective- ly.The efficacy of immunotherapy correlated well with the duration of immunotherapy(P

Clinical Analysis of Gitelman Syndrome in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of Gitelman syndrome in children and the difference between Gitelman syndrome and Bartter syndrome.Methods Clinical date,biochemical tests and therapy of 6 patients diagnosed as Gitelman syndrome in Beijing children′s hospital from Mar.to Dec.2006 were retrospectively analyzed.At the same time,the relative articies of Gitelman syndrome and Bartter syndrome were reviewed.Results The symptoms of 6 patients appeared early.The age of onset of Gitelman syndrome at infancy stage,the main complains were growth delay,weakness,tetany.All patients had normal blood pressure.The biochemical tests showed hypocalemic,hypomagnesium,alkalosis and hyperreninemia.But the concentration of aldosterone was normal or little higher.The manifestations of all patients were relieved after taking both potassium and magnesium.Conclusion Gitelman syndrom and Bartter syndrome have differences at clinical syndrome and machanism of onset.

Application of Molecular Distillation Technique in Separation of Effective Components from Atractylodes Lancea Oil / 广州中医药大学学报

[Objective] Molecular distillation technique was applied for the separation and purification of Atractylodes Lancea oil (ALO) to increase the yield of atractylodin. [Methods] Atractylodes Lancea oil prepared with supercritical extraction was refined by molecular distillation technique. The optimum refining conditions were selected by uniform design containing two factors of temperature and vacuum and five levels. The content of atractylodin from refined Atractylodes Lancea oil was measured and the remainder after isolation was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [Results] A yield rate of atraotylodin from Atractylodes Lancea oil was 52.17% at the temperature of 105℃ and under the vacuum of 100 Pa. [Conclusion] The application of molecular distillation technique makes it easy to collect the volatile atractylodin from Atractylodes Lancea oil at lower temperature and under higher vacuum; this method ensures the yield rate of atractylodin over 50% and has no problem of environmental pollution.

Clinical significance of pancreatic beta-cell function in obese children with acanthosis nigricans / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The strong relation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity with acanthosis nigricans is widely concerned. This study investigated the pancreatic beta-cell function in obese children with acanthosis nigricans, so as to find out the role of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in obese children with acanthosis nigricans.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five obese children with acanthosis nigricans (19 males and 16 females with mean age 12.8 +/- 1.5 years) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-eight obese children (21 boys and 17 girls with mean age 11.9 +/- 2.6 years) and 39 normal children (20 boys and 19 girls with mean age 11.2 +/- 2.2 years) were recruited as obese and normal control groups. The levels of serum fasting insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin and true insulin were measured in all the subjects. The ratios of proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide were calculated. Homeostasis model assessment was applied to assess the status of insulin resistance and basic function of pancreatic beta-cell.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of fasting insulin, C-peptide proinsulin, true insulin, the ratios of proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide, insulin resistance index and insulin secretion index of obese children with acanthosis nigricans, obese control children and normal control children were: 18.5 (5.0-60.5) pmol/L, 12.4 (6.1-35.8) pmol/L and 5.1 (2.0-32.8) pmol/L; 3.9 (1.3-14.0) microg/L, 2.4 (1.1-4.0) microg/L and 1.1 (1.0-4.2) microg/L; 28.8 (9.9-64.2) pmol/L, 9.5 (2.2-34.5) pmol/L and 4.2 (2.0-16.0) pmol/L; 33.0 (6.2-66.0) pmol/L, 10.6 (4.8-29.4) pmol/L and 4.5 (1.3-30.1) pmol/L; 1.2 (0.4-8.9), 0.9 (0.2-1.9) and 0.8 (0.4-2.0); 6.9 (2.5-36.6), 4.7 (1.2-12.3) and 3.6 (1.2-9.6); 5.0 (0.8-14.1), 2.6 (1.3-8.1) and 1.2(0.4-6.9); 303.3 (52.2-1,163.8), 213.6 (84.6-572.0) and 51.1 (19.1-561.4). The levels of fasting insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, true insulin, the ratios of proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide, insulin resistance index and insulin secretion index in obese children with acanthosis nigricans were significantly higher than those in obese children (P < 0.001) and normal children (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Obese children with acanthosis nigricans had higher insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction; acanthosis nigricans may be a skin sign of high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>

Survey of type 1 diabetes incidence in children from 1997 to 2000 in Beijing area / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The incidence of type 1 diabetes varied in different countries, different nations and different regions. This survey was conducted to clarify the incidence of type 1 diabetes of children in Beijing area between 1997 and 2000, to compare and analyze the difference in incidence of type 1 diabetes between the 2 periods of 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the criteria of WHO Diabetes Mondial (DIAMOND), data were collected from all the children younger than 15 years of age in Beijing area who had the onset of type 1 diabetes during Jan. 1st, 1997 to Dec. 31st, 2000. Using the capture-recapture methods, 95% confidence intervals of incidence were calculated with Poisson's distribution formula. The significance of differences was tested with Chi-square method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidences of type 1 diabetes during 1997 - 2000 were around 0.76/100 000 to 1.21/100 000. The average yearly incidence was 1.014/100 000 (95% confidence interval was 0.98/100 000 - 1.16/100 000). There was no significant difference in the incidence between 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000, and it showed the same result when the incidences were adjusted by age according to the Chinese population census in 2000 (The incidence was 0.83/100 000 in 1988 - 1996 and 0.86/100 000 in 1997 - 2000, respectively). The incidence was higher in 10 - 14 year-old group than the younger groups (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between male and female groups, either.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>No significant difference was found between the periods 1988 - 1996 and 1997 - 2000 when the average yearly incidence of type 1 diabetes of children in Beijing was compared. These results were different from the other countries' reports that the incidence of type 1 diabetes was increasing by 3% - 5% per annum. There was no significant difference between male and female groups either and there was a higher incidence of type 1 diabetes in 10 - 14 yr group than the other groups in 1997 - 2000. Although the life-style of Beijing people changed a lot, it didn't affect the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children in this area. But since many people migrated to Beijing from other parts of the country, the changes in constitutive proportions of population might have some impacts on the results of the survey.</p>

Association of human leukocyte antigen non-classical genes with type 1 diabetes / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>HLA-DMA and DMB are non-classical genes whose product (DM molecules) plays an important role in antigen presentation. Our present study was designed to investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen-DMA, -DMB and clinical status heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 children (male 36, female 44) with type 1 diabetes were selected as research subjects. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was made according to WHO criteria. The range of age at onset of type 1 diabetes was 2.5 - 14 years. Ninety-one healthy adult blood donors were selected as normal controls. Polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization techniques were used to classify DMA and DMB alleles. Patients with type 1 diabetes were classified into different groups according to different clinical status, including sex, age of onset, ketosis onset situation on diagnosis, remained function of islet beta cell, etc. Then distribution of DM susceptive alleles and heterodimer in different clinical groups were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of DMA * 0103 and DMB * 0103 alleles in patients were significantly increased (50% vs. 8%, 43% vs. 22%, respectively), these two alleles confer susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Chinese. The frequencies of DMA * 0103/DMB * 0102, DMA * 0103/DMB * 0103 and DMA * 0103/DMB * 0101 heterodimers were also increased in the patients. The above heterodimers confer predisposition to type 1 diabetes. Both DMB * 0103 allele and DM susceptive heterodimers are related to islet beta cell function on diagnosis. The patients with DMB * 0103 allele or DM susceptive heterodimers were significantly increased in the patients with lower C-peptide level on diagnosis (56% vs. 29%; 58% vs. 34% respectively). DM heterodimes were also related to onset age and ketosis-onset-situations of the patients. The patients carrying DM susceptive heterodimers had higher probability to suffer type 1 diabetes before 10 years of age and had the predisposition to ketosis or ketoacidosis on diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLA- class II non-classical alleles-DMA and DMB may play an important role in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and clinical status heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes may be related to genetic mechanism.</p>

Determination of Naringin and Hesperidin in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish a method for the content determination of naringin and hesperidin in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus.Methods HPLC was performed on the Merck-Lichrospher RP-C18 column(4.6?250 mm,5 ?m);CH3CN-H2O(23 ∶77) served as mobile phase and the detection wavelength was at 283 nm,the column temperature at 30 ℃and the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min.Results The content of naringin ranged from 4.65 to 12.50 mg/g and that of hesperidin from 1.60 to 6.75 mg/g.Conclusion This method is simple,sensitive,specific and can be used for the quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus.